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In its 2001
session, the Texas Legislature mandated a Texas Parks and
Wildlife sponsored study and legislative report on the “shrimp
industry and resources.” In addition to the more traditional
study focus on the status of shrimp populations, marine
resources, habitat, and conservation measures, the Legislature
addressed the need for a social and economic perspective too,
one that focused on “the economic health of the shrimp industry”
and solicited feedback from a wide range of stakeholders. In
order to fulfill the study requirements mandated by the Texas
legislature, we completed a mail survey of all Texas shrimp
fishermen that held one of three commercial shrimp licenses in
2001 (September 1, 2001-August 31, 2002): a Gulf shrimp license,
a bay shrimp license, and/or a bait shrimp license. We also
surveyed those businesses that held a commercial shrimp dealer
license during the same time period. Surveys were mailed to 796
Texas shrimp dealers. Responses were received from 182
dealers. Of this amount, 156 were returned usable for an
effective response rate of 28%. We sent the shrimp fisherman
survey to 2,309 individuals. Responses were received from 361
individuals. Of this amount, 326 were returned usable for an
effective response rate of 19%.
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Overall, most dealers have been involved in some aspect
of the commercial shrimp fishery longer than they had
been shrimp/seafood dealers. A majority (51%) of
dealers reported operating their primary business
facility for 1 - 10 years with a median of 10 years
overall. |
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Over three-quarters (77%) of the dealers reported they
carry liability insurance on their place of business
while the rest are apparently unprotected. |
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A majority (59%) of dealers reported they did not earn
any income from work other than selling fish or
fish-related products in the previous twelve months. A
majority (57%) of dealers with a spouse reported that
their spouse had not earned income from work other than
selling fish or fish-related products in the previous
twelve months. |
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A majority (52%) of dealers had health insurance for
themselves and their family; it is notable, however,
that 32% reported carrying no health insurance for
themselves and their family. |
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On a five-point Likert type scale ranging from not at
all satisfied to extremely satisfied, most dealers
reported they were only moderately satisfied with each
of the following statements: “seafood dealing as an
occupation” (35%), “seafood dealing as a way of life”
(30%), “fisheries management in Texas bays” (38%),
“fisheries management in Texas Gulf waters” (33%),
“amount of seafood sold in 2001” (33%), and “size of
seafood sold in 2001" (40%). |
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Most dealers agreed with four of the six attitudinal
statements presented to them. Most agreed with each of
the following statements: “imported shrimp cause
dockside prices to be lower” (32%), “my operation is
profitable” (43%), “the environment affects shrimp
populations more than commercial harvest” (34%), and
“harvesting shrimp at small sizes is hurting industry
profits” (32%). Most were neutral on the following two
statements: “there are too many shrimpers” (48%) and
“the limited entry shrimp program is reducing shrimping
effort” (50%). |
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When asked whether they would encourage young people to
enter the seafood dealing business, a majority (69%)
reported they would not do so. A majority (71%) of
dealers expect to be a commercial seafood dealer in four
years. |
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Most (21%) reported gross annual households between
$20,000 and $39,000 with another 17% between $40,000 and
$59,000. |
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Most (20%) Texas shrimp fishermen have been shrimping
for 16-20 years with a median number of 20 years. Most
(20%) fishermen had a total number of shrimping days
between 1 and 50, with a median of 120 days shrimping.
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Most (47%) Texas shrimp fishermen reported that they did
not have health insurance, 41% reported that they had
health insurance for themselves and their family.
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When asked their opinions (from strongly disagree to
strongly agree) on several statements regarding
shrimping issues, most strongly agreed with the
following statements: “Pollution in saltwater bays is
hurting shrimp populations” (41%), “Imported shrimp
cause dock side prices to be lower” (57%), “Not allowing
shrimping in nursery areas will allow shrimp to grow to
a more valuable size” (40%), “The environment affects
shrimp populations more than commercial harvest” (34%),
and “Harvesting shrimp at small sizes is hurting
industry profits” (30%). Most agreed to the statements
“Shrimp trawling does not harm bottom habitat” (35%),
“The limited entry shrimp program is reducing shrimping
effort” (34%), and “My operation is profitable” (37%).
One statement drew most to a neutral stance, “There are
too many shrimpers” (26%). |
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A majority (59%) of fishermen did not earn any income
from work other than shrimping “since this time last
year.” There were nearly equal proportions of fishermen
that indicated that their wife (if married) earned
income (44%) or did not earn income (43%) from work
other than shrimping “since this time last year.” Most
(38%) reported that between 91% and 100% of their
household’s gross annual income comes from shrimping
activities. |
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When asked about their satisfaction to a number of
statements (from not at all satisfied to extremely
satisfied), most were extremely satisfied with the
following statements: “shrimping as an occupation”
(29%), and “shrimping as a way of life” (32%). Most
(28%) were moderately satisfied with the statement “size
of shrimp caught in 2001.” Most were not at all
satisfied with the following statements: “shrimp
management in Texas bays” (44%), “shrimp management in
Texas Gulf waters” (37%), and “amount of shrimp caught
in 2001” (44%). |
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A majority (83%) indicated that they would not encourage
young people to enter the shrimping business and that
they expect to be shrimping in four years (77%).
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A majority (63%) of fishermen do not carry insurance on
their primary boat. |
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When asked to think back two years ago, to October 1999,
a majority (56%) of fishermen responded that they fished
about the same number of days. A majority (59%) also
responded that they did not earn income from work other
than shrimping. Most (45%) responded that their wife
(if married) did not earn income from work other than
shrimping in 1999. Nearly equal percentages responded
that they either had no insurance or insurance for
themselves and their family (44% and 46% respectively)
in 1999. When asked two of the same scale items as
previously while referring to 1999 (on a scale from not
at all satisfied to extremely satisfied), most were
moderately satisfied with the statements: “amount of
shrimp caught in 1999” (24%), and “size of shrimp caught
in 1999” (30%). |
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Most (35%) shrimp fishermen have a gross household
income between $20,000 and $39,999. |
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A copy of the full report also may be requested
by e-mailing or calling the Human Dimensions Lab at Texas A&M
University, (979) 845-4283.
Contact us by e-mail.
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